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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
10:03

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice

Published on: November 18, 2022

Stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato1, Susan Bonner-Weir

  • 1Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Stem cells offer promise for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by replacing insulin-producing beta cells. Ongoing research aims to improve glucose responsiveness and control autoimmune responses for effective T1DM regenerative therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
10:03

Bioluminescent Monitoring of Graft Survival in an Adoptive Transfer Model of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice

Published on: November 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
  • Current treatments manage blood glucose but do not restore beta-cell function or address the underlying autoimmune attack.
  • Stem cell-based therapies are being explored as a potential cure for T1DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for generating insulin-expressing cells from various progenitor sources for T1DM treatment.
  • To highlight key molecular pathways and genes involved in beta-cell differentiation.
  • To discuss approaches for modulating the immune response in T1DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell sources and differentiation protocols for beta-cell generation.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways and genetic targets for enhancing beta-cell function.
  • Examination of immunomodulatory strategies using mesenchymal stromal cells and umbilical cord blood.

Main Results:

  • Protocols have successfully generated insulin-expressing cells with characteristics similar to native beta cells.
  • Challenges remain in achieving glucose responsiveness in these engineered cells.
  • Clinical trials using stem cells for immune modulation in T1DM are underway, with pending results.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived beta cells hold significant potential for T1DM regenerative medicine.
  • Further research is needed to optimize glucose-sensing capabilities and ensure long-term immune tolerance.
  • Combining beta-cell replacement with immune modulation strategies is crucial for a definitive cure for T1DM.