Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026
11:34
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
Published on: September 8, 2016
Measurement of rain parameters by optical scintillation: computer simulation of the correlation method
Applied Optics
|February 23, 2010
Summary
This study used computer simulations to confirm that laser-beam scintillation can accurately measure rainfall rate and drop-size distribution, even with overlapping scintillation patterns. The scintillation-covariance technique remains effective for rainfall parameter measurement.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric Science
- Optical Remote Sensing
- Hydrology
Background:
- Laser-beam scintillation has been used to estimate rainfall rate and drop-size distribution.
- Previous analyses were validated for pathlengths up to 140m.
- Overlapping scintillation patterns violate a key assumption in prior analyses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the limitation imposed by overlapping scintillation patterns on laser-beam scintillation techniques for rainfall measurement.
- To determine if the scintillation-covariance technique remains applicable despite overlapping patterns.
Main Methods:
- A computer simulation was developed to model the effects of overlapping scintillation patterns.
- The simulation was used to analyze the validity of the scintillation-covariance technique under these conditions.
Main Results:
- The computer simulation verified that the scintillation-covariance technique is still applicable.
- A slight modification to the technique is sufficient to account for overlapping patterns.
- The method's accuracy for measuring rainfall parameters is maintained.
Conclusions:
- The scintillation-covariance technique for measuring rainfall rate and drop-size distribution is robust.
- The technique can be reliably used even when scintillation patterns overlap, extending its applicability.
- Computer simulations provide a viable approach to analyze limitations in optical remote sensing theories.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
01:03Precipitation Gravimetry
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
01:21Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis
The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
01:17Precipitation and Co-precipitation
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...