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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses
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Lidar for multiple backscattering and depolarization observations.

R J Allen, C M Platt

    Applied Optics
    |February 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel lidar system capable of measuring atmospheric multiple scattering and depolarization. This advancement aids in studying cirrus clouds

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    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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    Published on: January 30, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Cloud Physics
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Cirrus clouds significantly impact Earth's climate, but their effects are complex to study.
    • Accurate measurement of atmospheric properties like multiple scattering and depolarization is crucial for climate modeling.
    • Existing lidar technologies face challenges in precisely quantifying multiple scattering effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel lidar system designed for measuring multiple scattering and depolarization in the atmosphere.
    • To investigate the influence of multiple scattering on signal quality (noise, signal, and SNR).
    • To demonstrate the system's capability in studying cloud structure and phase.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a lidar system with special receiver field stops for multiple scattering measurements.
    • Implementation of low voltage control for photomultiplier tube gain and a precision power/energy monitor.
    • Utilization of a center-blocked field stop to isolate and measure multiple-scattered components of backscattered light.
    • Alignment technique for transmitter and receiver axes and transmitter beamwidth measurement.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstration of the lidar system's feasibility through typical returns with and without an opaque field stop, indicating multiple scattering from cirrus clouds.
    • Quantification of the amplitude of multiple scattering effects.
    • Illustration of the potential of depolarization ratio (delta) and backscatter coefficients for altostratus cloud analysis.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed lidar system effectively measures multiple scattering and depolarization in the atmosphere.
    • The system provides valuable data for understanding cirrus cloud climatic effects and cloud microphysics.
    • The technique proves feasible for atmospheric research and cloud characterization.