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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Precipitation Titration: Overview01:26

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
A precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of the titrant or analyte upon adding the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

A Protocol for Conducting Rainfall Simulation to Study Soil Runoff
10:35

A Protocol for Conducting Rainfall Simulation to Study Soil Runoff

Published on: April 3, 2014

Simplified optical path-averaged rain gauge.

T I Wang, K B Earnshaw, R S Lawrence

    Applied Optics
    |February 23, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study shows that measuring laser scintillation variance can accurately determine rain rate, independent of drop size. This optical rain gauge offers advantages over previous methods for rainfall measurement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Optical Remote Sensing
    • Hydrology

    Background:

    • Scintillations from laser beams interacting with raindrops can measure rainfall properties.
    • Previous methods averaged drop-size distribution and rainfall rate over the beam path.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a theoretical analysis and observational verification of a new optical rain gauge method.
    • To demonstrate that scintillation variance is a reliable indicator of rain rate, largely independent of drop size.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of scintillations detected by a line-detector near 1 kHz.
    • Observational verification of the theoretical model.
    • Comparison with previous optical rain gauge techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Scintillation variance measured at ~1 kHz is closely related to rain rate.
    • This relationship is nearly independent of raindrop-size distribution.
    • The variance method offers advantages over previous optical rain gauge designs.

    Conclusions:

    • The variance type of optical rain gauge provides a more robust method for measuring rain rate.
    • This technique allows for the use of a diverging beam, simplifying deployment.
    • It is less sensitive to atmospheric turbulence (updrafts/downdrafts), enabling use in varied terrain.