Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters01:27

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

A drug's nonlinear kinetics can be influenced by a diverse range of transporter proteins that serve as crucial players in drug distribution. These transporters, found within cells, can enhance or reduce local drug concentrations by facilitating the influx or efflux of drugs. For instance, the expression of xenobiotic transporters can be influenced by factors such as age and gender, potentially impacting the linearity of drug response.
Polymorphisms occurring in drug transporters can alter...
Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:27

Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which is taken...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PKC inhibition decreases amphetamine-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology·2020
Same author

Molecular Mechanisms of Amphetamines.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2019
Same author

Correction to: The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin, attenuates amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity and self-administration behaviors in rats.

Psychopharmacology·2019
Same author

The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin, attenuates amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity and self-administration behaviors in rats.

Psychopharmacology·2019
Same author

Ruboxistaurin Reduces Cocaine-Stimulated Increases in Extracellular Dopamine by Modifying Dopamine-Autoreceptor Activity.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2018
Same author

Tamoxifen Directly Interacts with the Dopamine Transporter.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
06:18

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

Dopamine transporter trafficking: rapid response on demand.

Rong Chen1, Cheryse A Furman, Margaret E Gnegy

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, USA Tel.: +1 734 763 3083 rongchen@umich.edu.

Future Neurology
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine levels, showing rapid increases then decreases with substrate exposure. Understanding this biphasic regulation offers new therapeutic strategies for neurological and psychiatric diseases.

More Related Videos

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices
07:56

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: August 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
06:18

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices
07:56

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: August 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The dopamine transporter (DAT) is crucial for regulating synaptic dopamine concentrations.
  • DAT dysfunction is implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders.
  • Substrate interaction dynamically alters DAT membrane concentration and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind the rapid, biphasic regulation of DAT by its substrate.
  • To explore the role of signal transduction pathways, particularly protein kinases, in DAT regulation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for modulating DAT function and response to psychostimulants.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the dynamic changes in DAT membrane localization and activity in response to dopamine.
  • Utilized cell-based assays and biochemical techniques to study substrate-induced regulation.
  • Examined the involvement of specific protein kinases in the signal transduction pathways governing DAT.

Main Results:

  • Observed an initial rapid increase in DAT membrane recruitment upon substrate exposure.
  • Demonstrated a subsequent downregulation of DAT activity and membrane content with sustained substrate presence.
  • Identified key protein kinases mediating these biphasic regulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • DAT undergoes complex, biphasic regulation by its substrate, involving rapid recruitment and subsequent downregulation.
  • Signal transduction pathways, including protein kinases, are critical orchestrators of this dynamic process.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides a foundation for developing novel therapeutic interventions for DAT-related disorders and substance abuse.