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A complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a mesolithic wild aurochs (Bos primigenius)
Ceiridwen J Edwards1, David A Magee, Stephen D E Park
1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Plos One
|February 23, 2010
Summary
This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from an ancient aurochs (Bos primigenius). This ancient DNA analysis offers new insights into the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of cattle ancestors.
Area of Science:
- Paleogenomics
- Ancient DNA Analysis
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Domestic cattle (Bos taurus) originated from extinct wild aurochs (Bos primigenius).
- Previous genetic studies relied on limited ancient DNA, primarily from modern cattle and partial ancient sequences.
- Advancements in DNA sequencing enable analysis of genetic material from extinct species.
Observation:
- A complete mitochondrial genome sequence (16,338 bp) was generated from an ancient aurochs bone (6,738+/-68 years BP).
- DNA extracts were sequenced using Sanger and Illumina Genome Analyzer technologies.
- High-confidence sequence mapping to the bovine genome was achieved, with no discrepancies between sequencing methods.
Findings:
- The aurochs mitochondrial genome sequence was securely placed within haplogroup P.
- Evidence of heteroplasmy was observed in the ancient aurochs sample.
- The high proportion of endogenous aurochs DNA indicates successful ancient DNA preservation.
Implications:
- Provides novel insights into pre-domestication genetic variation in aurochs.
- Enhances understanding of the evolutionary history of domestic cattle.
- Demonstrates the potential for complete genome sequencing of wild ancestors using well-preserved ancient DNA.
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