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Related Concept Videos

Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds to M3...
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
Stomach Histology01:26

Stomach Histology

The stomach comprises several layers that work together to facilitate digestion and protect the organ. The outermost layer is called the serosa, which provides support and protection to the stomach. The muscularis externa layer is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food by contracting and moving the stomach. The submucosa layer, located beneath the muscularis externa, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands that secrete mucus and other substances essential for...

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Profiling Luminal pH in Three-Dimensional Gastrointestinal Organoids Using Microelectrodes
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Spatial changes in acid secretion from isolated stomach tissue using a pH-histamine sensing microarray.

Eleni Bitziou1, Danny O'Hare, Bhavik Anil Patel

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK SW7 2AZ.

The Analyst
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a multi-sensing device to monitor stomach acid secretion and histamine levels in guinea pig tissue. The device shows potential for personalized diagnostics and drug screening by detecting variations in acid response.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding acid secretion is crucial for diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Current methods for studying acid secretion in vitro have limitations.
  • Monitoring metabolic markers and neurotransmitters provides insights into physiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel microelectrode array for real-time monitoring of proton concentration and histamine levels in isolated guinea pig stomach tissue.
  • To assess the efficacy of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine in modulating acid secretion.
  • To explore the potential of multi-sensing devices for personalized diagnostics and pharmacological screening.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified microelectrode array with iridium oxide pH sensors and gold electrodes for histamine detection.
  • Performed in vitro experiments on isolated guinea pig stomach tissue.
  • Measured real-time changes in proton concentration (Delta pH) and histamine levels (Delta i(H)) before and after administration of ranitidine.

Main Results:

  • Ranitidine significantly decreased the overall Delta pH response, confirming its inhibitory effect on acid secretion.
  • Observed significant variations in Delta pH responses between sensors, attributed to tissue structural heterogeneity.
  • Detected variations in Delta pH responses between animals, suggesting differences in parietal cell density or tissue activity.
  • No significant changes in Delta i(H) were observed with ranitidine, as expected.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multi-sensing device effectively monitors acid secretion and histamine levels in real-time.
  • The device can detect pharmacological effects and inter-animal variability, highlighting its potential for personalized medicine.
  • This technology offers a promising avenue for long-term stable diagnostic tools in pharmacological screening and disease status assessment.