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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation
07:52

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

Alarming dendritic cells for allergic sensitization.

Monique A M Willart1, Hamida Hammad

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Laboratory of Immunoregulation en Mucosal Immunity, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. monique.willart@ugent.be

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic asthma involves Th2 responses to allergens. Microbial danger signals (alarmins) activate dendritic cells and epithelial cells, enhancing immune responses to inhaled allergens like house dust mite.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases are characterized by T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses to common environmental allergens.
  • Inhaled antigens can trigger inflammatory responses when associated with microbial or endogenous danger signals (alarmins).
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that recognize danger signals and initiate adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of dendritic cells and alarmins in the sensitization process to inhaled allergens.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which DCs and epithelial cells are activated by allergens and danger signals.
  • To highlight the contribution of these interactions to the development of allergic asthma.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on DC activation and function in response to inhaled allergens.
  • It examines the role of epithelial cell-derived cytokines and chemokines in modulating immune cell recruitment and activation.
  • The review discusses the impact of alarmins on DC and epithelial cell signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Dendritic cells, upon allergen exposure, migrate to lymph nodes to activate naive T lymphocytes, driving Th2 responses.
  • Epithelial cells, activated by allergens like house dust mite (HDM), release chemokines and cytokines (e.g., TSLP, IL-33) that recruit and activate DCs, mast cells, and basophils.
  • Alarmins are crucial in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, amplifying the immune response to inhaled allergens.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cells and alarmins are central players in the sensitization to inhaled allergens, particularly in allergic asthma.
  • The interplay between epithelial cells, DCs, and alarmins dictates the immune response trajectory following allergen exposure.
  • Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for allergic respiratory diseases.