Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

8.5K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
8.5K
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

61.4K
Overview
61.4K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

4.2K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
4.2K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

3.9K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
3.9K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

4.0K
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Protocadherin-1 deficiency increases baseline and allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

The Ste20 kinase TAOK3 restrains Rac-driven cytoskeletal-mitochondrial coupling to preserve naive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell homeostasis and activation.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Endothelial cells notch monocytes toward an alveolar macrophage fate.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Multivalent Antibody-Recruiting Molecules for Targeted Immune-Killing of Carbonic Anhydrase IX-Expressing Cancer Cells.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Marker-Agnostic Tumor Anchoring Chimeras Enable pH-Gated Immune Engagement.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Protocol for mapping murine myeloid bone marrow progenitors and their differentiation into CD103<sup>+</sup> cDC1s and CD301b<sup>+</sup> cDC2s.

STAR protocols·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung
09:57

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

7.6K

Innate type 2 lymphocytes trigger an inflammatory switch in alveolar macrophages.

Stijn Verwaerde1, Jean-François Hastir2, Sjoerd T T Schetters1

  • 1Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.

Immunity
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (trAMs) typically regulate immunity but can become pro-inflammatory during allergic reactions. A switch from PPARγ to IRF4 reprograms trAMs, driving lung pathology.

Keywords:
ILC2IRF4PPARγalternatively activated macrophagesalveolar macrophageasthmachemokinesmacrophage nichemultinucleated giant celltype 2 immunity

More Related Videos

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages
09:09

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Published on: April 20, 2018

25.1K
Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung
09:57

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

7.6K
Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages
09:09

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Published on: April 20, 2018

25.1K
Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy
10:39

Advanced Imaging of Lung Homing Human Lymphocytes in an Experimental In Vivo Model of Allergic Inflammation Based on Light-sheet Microscopy

Published on: April 16, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (trAMs) are crucial for lung homeostasis and immune regulation.
  • They are generally considered more resistant to inflammatory reprogramming than recruited macrophages.
  • Their role in type 2 immunity and allergic lung diseases is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of trAMs in type 2 immunity and allergic lung inflammation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying trAM reprogramming during allergen exposure.
  • To understand how trAMs contribute to allergen-induced lung pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel mouse model for selective depletion and replacement of trAMs.
  • Analyzed cellular and molecular changes in the lung following allergen challenge.
  • Investigated the role of transcription factors IRF4 and PPARγ in trAM function.

Main Results:

  • Allergen exposure induced interleukin-13 production by innate type 2 lymphoid cells (ILC2s), reprogramming trAMs.
  • This reprogramming involved the induction of transcription factor IRF4, suppressing PPARγ and altering trAM identity.
  • Reprogrammed trAMs promoted chemokine production, cell fusion, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, leading to lung pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Contrary to previous assumptions, trAMs can adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype during type 2 immunity.
  • A critical switch from PPARγ to IRF4 reconfigures trAMs into effector cells driving allergic lung inflammation.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism of macrophage plasticity in the context of allergic lung disease.