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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

Organizing principles of cortical layer 6.

Farran Briggs1

  • 1Laboratory of Dr. W. M. Usrey, Center for Neuroscience, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Layer 6 neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex are diverse and strategically positioned. Studying their anatomy and physiology reveals how these neurons contribute to cortical information processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Mammalian Cortex Research

Background:

  • Layer 6 neurons are the deepest neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex.
  • These neurons exhibit significant morphological and physiological diversity.
  • They occupy a strategic position to influence local and distant neuronal activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the anatomical and physiological characteristics of different classes of layer 6 neurons.
  • To understand the specialized roles of distinct layer 6 neuron classes in cortical circuits.
  • To elucidate the functional contributions of layer 6 neurons to cortical information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical characterization of layer 6 neuron subtypes.
  • Physiological recordings to assess neuronal activity.
Keywords:
circuitcortexlayer 6morphologyphysiology

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Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
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Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

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Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
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Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings
10:24

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Published on: January 10, 2015

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
09:55

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Published on: September 5, 2018

  • Comparative analysis across species and cortical regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Layer 6 neurons display considerable diversity in structure and function.
    • Common organizational principles are evident despite species and regional variations.
    • Specific classes of layer 6 neurons are specialized for distinct circuit functions.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding layer 6 neuron diversity is key to deciphering cortical processing.
    • Layer 6 neurons play critical roles in modulating neural activity within and beyond the cortex.
    • Further investigation into these specialized neurons will enhance our knowledge of brain function.