Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.3K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.8K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

495
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
495
Vision01:24

Vision

53.2K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.2K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.6K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.6K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mammalian Brains Seen through the Lens of Evolution.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

A Reconsideration of Parallel Processing in Vision: Importance of Lower Spatial Frequencies to Form Vision.

The European journal of neuroscience·2025
Same author

Asymmetric cortical projections to striatal direct and indirect pathways distinctly control actions.

eLife·2025
Same author

Spatial Attention Weakly Modulates Visual Responses in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.

eNeuro·2025
Same author

Dynamic Modulation of Beta-Band Oscillations in the LGN and Their Role in Visual Processing.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Dual parallel stream-specific and generalized effects of corticogeniculate feedback on LGN neurons in primate and carnivore.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K

Parallel Streams of Direct Corticogeniculate Feedback from Mid-level Extrastriate Cortex in the Macaque Monkey.

Matthew Adusei1, Edward M Callaway2, W Martin Usrey3,4,5

  • 1Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642.

Eneuro
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered new feedback pathways from visual cortex to the thalamus in primates. This challenges the view of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) as a simple sensory relay, suggesting a more complex role in visual processing.

Keywords:
LGNcorticogeniculateextrastriatevirus-mediated circuit tracingvisual cortex

More Related Videos

Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images
08:52

Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images

Published on: May 23, 2019

6.9K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K
Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images
08:52

Convection Enhanced Delivery of Optogenetic Adeno-associated Viral Vector to the Cortex of Rhesus Macaque Under Guidance of Online MRI Images

Published on: May 23, 2019

6.9K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primate Visual System
  • Thalamocortical Circuits

Background:

  • First-order thalamic nuclei, like the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), relay sensory information to the cortex.
  • Reciprocal feedback from the cortex to the thalamus is established, primarily assumed to originate from the primary sensory cortex.
  • The role of extrastriate visual cortex in providing direct feedback to the LGN remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and characteristics of corticogeniculate neurons in mid-level extrastriate visual areas of the primate brain.
  • To determine if extrastriate visual areas provide direct feedback projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
  • To explore the morphological diversity of these extrastriate corticogeniculate neurons and their potential implications for visual processing streams.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized virus-mediated circuit tracing in Macaca mulatta (primate) brains.
  • Performed quantitative morphological analyses of identified corticogeniculate neurons.
  • Examined neuronal populations in extrastriate visual areas including MT, MST, and V4.

Main Results:

  • Identified corticogeniculate neurons in multiple mid-level extrastriate visual areas (MT, MST, V4).
  • Discovered morphological diversity among these extrastriate corticogeniculate neurons, with varying distributions across areas.
  • Observed spiny stellate morphology in many extrastriate corticogeniculate neurons, potentially targeting koniocellular LGN layers.

Conclusions:

  • Extrastriate visual cortical areas contribute direct feedback to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), challenging the traditional view of LGN as a simple relay.
  • The presence of diverse morphological types suggests parallel V1-bypassing feedback streams at multiple visual processing stages.
  • These findings necessitate a reevaluation of the LGN's role as a dynamic hub for visual information processing.