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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations
04:46

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations

Published on: February 24, 2023

[Tumour recurrence].

O W Hakenberg1, F Sedlmayer

  • 1Urologische Universitäts-Klinik und Poliklinik, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18055 Rostock. oliver.hakenberg@med.uni-rostock.de

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|February 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The German S3 guideline defines prostate cancer recurrence by PSA levels after surgery or radiotherapy. Early salvage radiotherapy is recommended before histological confirmation, unlike salvage prostatectomy.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Glioblastoma Relapse Post-Resection Model for Therapeutic Hydrogel Investigations
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The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth
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The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth

Published on: April 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy

Context:

  • German S3 guideline on prostate cancer management.
  • Focus on tumor recurrence after primary curative-intent local treatments (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy).

Purpose:

  • Define prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence criteria post-treatment.
  • Outline clinical judgment factors for local recurrence.
  • Provide recommendations for salvage therapies.

Summary:

  • PSA recurrence post-radical surgery: PSA rise to 0.2 ng/ml.
  • PSA recurrence post-radiotherapy: PSA rise of ≥2 ng/ml above nadir.
  • Salvage radiotherapy: Recommended early (PSA < 0.5 ng/ml) without histological proof.
  • Salvage prostatectomy: Requires histological verification due to higher complication rates.

Impact:

  • Standardizes the definition and management of recurrent prostate cancer.
  • Guides timely and appropriate salvage treatment decisions.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes by optimizing intervention timing and modality.