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Related Concept Videos

Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
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Microbiologically Induced Calcite Precipitation Mediated by Sporosarcina pasteurii
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Calcium sulfates: what is the evidence?

Murray J S Beuerlein1, Michael D McKee

  • 1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
|February 26, 2010
PubMed
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Calcium sulfate is a safe, cost-effective bone void filler and drug delivery system. However, evidence supporting its use in bone nonunions is limited, and more clinical trials are needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Calcium sulfate has been a bioabsorbable bone substitute for 90 years.
  • It offers advantages like low cost, osteoconductivity, and use as a drug delivery vehicle.
  • Its safety record is well-established in orthopedic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evidence-based medical studies supporting calcium sulfate as a bioabsorbable bone substitute.
  • To identify the clinical efficacy and limitations of calcium sulfate in orthopedic defect repair.
  • To assess the role of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate in treating chronic osteomyelitis and infected nonunions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of prospective and randomized clinical trials.
  • Analysis of basic science investigations, animal studies, and retrospective clinical reviews.
  • Evaluation of case series focusing on bone nonunion treatment and osteomyelitis.

Main Results:

  • Calcium sulfate is effective for filling contained bony defects like metaphyseal voids and bone cysts.
  • Its use in bone nonunions shows a significant failure rate when used alone.
  • Serous drainage is a consistent complication, particularly with larger volumes or subcutaneous placement.
  • Antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate shows potential in treating chronic osteomyelitis and infected nonunions with Level I-II evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium sulfate is a reliable bone void filler and drug delivery vehicle.
  • Further high-quality clinical trials are necessary to fully define its role in orthopedics.
  • Its application in bone nonunions requires further investigation, potentially in combination with other treatments.