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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
11:30

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Does calcium supplementation increase cardiovascular risk?

Ian R Reid1, Mark J Bolland, Andrew Grey

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. i.reid@auckland.ac.nz

Clinical Endocrinology
|February 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium supplements, widely used for osteoporosis prevention, may increase heart attack risk. Reappraisal of their use is suggested, focusing on fracture-preventing agents due to questionable efficacy and safety concerns.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
11:30

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Calcium supplementation is a common strategy for osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women and men.
  • The safety of calcium supplements has been widely assumed, despite ongoing debate about their fracture prevention efficacy.
  • Recent studies suggest a potential link between calcium supplementation and increased risk of myocardial infarction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To question the assumed safety of calcium supplementation.
  • To evaluate the association between calcium supplements and vascular events.
  • To suggest a reappraisal of calcium supplements in osteoporosis management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of findings from the Auckland Calcium Study regarding myocardial infarctions.
  • Consideration of vascular event data from other calcium trials.
  • Analysis of epidemiological evidence on serum calcium levels and vascular disease risk.

Main Results:

  • The Auckland Calcium Study found a higher incidence of myocardial infarctions in women randomized to calcium.
  • Existing data from other calcium trials do not refute these findings.
  • Epidemiological evidence suggests upper-normal serum calcium levels are a vascular disease risk factor, and supplements acutely elevate serum calcium.

Conclusions:

  • There are reasonable grounds to doubt the safety of calcium supplements due to potential vascular risks.
  • The evidence for calcium supplements' efficacy in fracture prevention remains marginal.
  • A reappraisal of calcium supplements in osteoporosis management is warranted, with increased emphasis on agents with proven fracture prevention.