Biofeedback and primary care
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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
Published on: November 12, 2009
Ronald M Glick1, Carol M Greco
1Department of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 580 South Aiken Suite 310, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. glickrm@upmc.edu
Abstract:
Biofeedback is a clinical modality in which technology or instrumentation is used to allow a patient to gain awareness of, and control over, physiologic processes. Successful treatment employing biofeedback can be beneficial for several stress-related and pain conditions, as well as other forms of somatic disturbance. Collectively, the same conditions that may respond to biofeedback are those often seen in a primary care practice and are conditions that can result in chronic dysfunction and disability. Understanding the forms and uses of biofeedback, the research evidence base, and practical referral guidelines can help the family physician to offer recommendations and referrals to patients.
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