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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
07:08

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

Histone methylation in higher plants.

Chunyan Liu1, Falong Lu, Xia Cui

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone methylation, involving enzymes that add or remove marks, is crucial for plant development and genome stability. This review details its biochemical, genetic, and molecular roles in Arabidopsis and rice.

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Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
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Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm

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Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
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Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
07:08

Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves

Published on: September 23, 2011

Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
09:23

Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm

Published on: January 28, 2011

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
09:25

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Published on: June 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Histone methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and genome stability.
  • Enzymes like histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) and protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) write methylation marks, while histone demethylases (HDMs) erase them.
  • These marks are recognized by reader proteins, translating them into biological outcomes, primarily studied in animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical, genetic, and molecular functions of histone methylation in plants.
  • To highlight the impact of histone methylation on genome management, transcriptional regulation, and development in plants.
  • To focus on the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis and the monocotyledonous plant rice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical, genetic, and molecular studies.
  • Analysis of histone methylation mechanisms in plant systems.
  • Comparative study between Arabidopsis and rice.

Main Results:

  • Histone methylation is vital for diverse developmental processes in plants.
  • It plays a critical role in silencing repetitive sequences, ensuring genome stability.
  • Evidence shows significant impact on transcriptional regulation and overall plant development.

Conclusions:

  • Histone methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process in plants, essential for development and genome integrity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms in model plants like Arabidopsis and rice provides insights into broader plant biology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of histone methylation in plants.