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Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Cognition and depression: current status and future directions.

Ian H Gotlib1, Jutta Joormann

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2130, USA. ian.gotlib@stanford.edu

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive theories of depression highlight how negative thinking patterns increase depression risk. This review details cognitive deficits and emotion dysregulation in depression, suggesting integrated biological and cognitive research.

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Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cognitive theories propose that thoughts, interpretations, and information processing influence depression risk.
  • Biased cognitive processing is linked to emotion dysregulation in depression via specific mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a contemporary characterization of cognitive processes in depression.
  • To discuss the relationship between cognitive processes and emotion dysregulation.
  • To explore treatment implications and the need for integrated biological and cognitive research.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on cognitive theories of depression.
  • It examines mechanisms linking cognitive biases to emotion dysregulation, including inhibitory processes, working memory deficits, rumination, and impaired positive stimulus utilization.

Main Results:

  • Depression is characterized by increased elaboration of negative information.
  • Individuals with depression experience difficulties disengaging from negative material.
  • Deficits in cognitive control are evident when processing negative information.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is central to depression, involving biased processing of negative information and impaired emotional regulation.
  • Future research should integrate neural and genetic factors with cognitive aspects to understand depression's onset, maintenance, and course.
  • Understanding these cognitive and biological interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments.