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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The Retina01:32

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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes
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Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes

Published on: June 17, 2020

Dendritic cell physiology and function in the eye.

John V Forrester1, Heping Xu, Lucia Kuffová

  • 1Section of Immunology and Infection, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. j.forrester@abdn.ac.uk

Immunological Reviews
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The eye

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
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Published on: May 18, 2018

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Digestion of Whole Mouse Eyes for Multi-Parameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes
09:58

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Published on: June 17, 2020

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The eye and brain are immunologically privileged, with connections to lymph nodes and spleen.
  • Resident myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are crucial for tissue homeostasis and immune responses.
  • Ocular myeloid cells, primarily in connective tissues, differ from retinal microglia, which are typically tolerant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of myeloid cells, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), in ocular immune privilege and inflammatory diseases.
  • To investigate the involvement of ocular DCs and macrophages in conditions like corneal graft rejection, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration.
  • To assess the potential of harnessing DC tolerizing properties for treating sight-threatening ocular inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of tracking studies and existing literature on ocular immune cell populations.
  • Analysis of the role of host dendritic cells (DCs) in corneal graft rejection via indirect allorecognition.
  • Examination of the involvement of ocular DCs and macrophages in immune-mediated eye disorders and potential autoimmune conditions.

Main Results:

  • Ocular immune privilege is relative, with susceptibility to inflammatory diseases like uveitis and corneal graft rejection.
  • Host DCs are key players in corneal graft rejection and ocular surface diseases, potentially influenced by the ocular microenvironment.
  • Experimental models show that modulating DC tolerizing potential can effectively treat autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular myeloid cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs), play a critical role in maintaining immune privilege and mediating inflammatory eye diseases.
  • Understanding the function of ocular DCs is vital for developing therapies for conditions ranging from graft rejection to autoimmune and degenerative eye diseases.
  • Harnessing the tolerizing capacity of DCs offers a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing vision loss due to ocular inflammation.