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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

Word learning from baby videos.

Rebekah A Richert1, Michael B Robb, Jodi G Fender

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA. rebekah.richert@ucr.edu

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Infant-directed DVDs did not demonstrate word learning in young children without parental involvement. Early exposure to baby videos correlated with general language development, but not specific DVD content acquisition.

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Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
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Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Media Studies
  • Early Childhood Education

Background:

  • Infant-directed media is increasingly prevalent.
  • Concerns exist regarding its educational efficacy for very young children.
  • Limited research addresses direct word learning from such media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children aged 12-25 months acquire vocabulary from a specifically designed infant-directed DVD.
  • To assess the impact of media exposure on early language development.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-six children (12-24 months) participated.
  • One group watched an infant-directed DVD at home for 6 weeks.
  • Vocabulary acquisition was measured bi-weekly via parent report and observation.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of learning DVD-specific words without parental intervention.
  • Age of first DVD viewing correlated with overall language development.
  • Parental involvement appears crucial for learning from media.

Conclusions:

  • Effectiveness of infant-directed media for teaching content requires further investigation.
  • Cognitive factors influencing learning from DVDs in toddlers need consideration.
  • Parental mediation is key for media-based learning in infants.