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Related Concept Videos

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
09:53

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Published on: October 30, 2012

Balloon-borne ultraviolet stellar echelle spectrograph.

R Hoekstra, T M Kamperman, C W Wells

    Applied Optics
    |March 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-altitude balloon observations captured detailed ultraviolet spectra of stars. This study demonstrates the feasibility of stellar spectroscopy from balloon altitudes, even with atmospheric ozone interference.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Balloon-borne astronomical platforms offer unique observational advantages.
    • High-resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy requires stable platforms above most of Earth's atmosphere.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To record high-resolution UV spectra of stars from a 40-km altitude.
    • To assess the capabilities of a balloon-borne telescope and spectrograph system.
    • To investigate stellar spectra in the 200-340 nm range.

    Main Methods:

    • An 800-kg astronomical payload with a 40-cm telescope and echelle spectrograph was launched on two occasions in 1976.
    • A SEC-vidicon detector was used for spectral recording.
    • The system achieved 1-arcsec pointing accuracy and covered spectral orders 66-112.

    Main Results:

    • 53 complete UV spectra of 33 stars (spectral types O9.5-M2, visual magnitudes 0-4.5) were obtained.
    • Spectral resolution of 0.01 nm was achieved in the 200-340 nm range.
    • Atmospheric ozone at 40 km reduced transmission around 250 nm, but stellar spectroscopy remained feasible.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed astronomical payload demonstrated successful high-resolution UV stellar spectroscopy from balloon altitudes.
    • Stellar observations in the UV range are possible despite atmospheric ozone absorption.
    • This technology paved the way for future high-altitude astronomical observations.