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Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...

Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta, have...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos

En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos

Published on: July 27, 2022

Vascularization shaping the heart.

Ayelet Lesman¹, Lior Gepstein, Shulamit Levenberg

¹Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|March 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered cardiac muscle constructs with integrated vascular networks can restore heart function after myocardial infarction. This vascularization enhances cell survival and tissue integration for cardiovascular regenerative medicine.

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In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

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Published on: March 10, 2020

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering
Cardiovascular Biology

Background:

Myocardial infarction causes irreversible heart failure.
Tissue-engineered cardiac constructs aim to restore heart function by replacing scar tissue with contractile cells.
Vascularization is critical for the survival and function of engineered tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer vascularized cardiac muscle constructs for treating heart failure.
To investigate the role of endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk in tissue functionality and survival.
To demonstrate the feasibility of generating functional, vascularized cardiac tissue grafts.

Main Methods:

Co-culture of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
Utilizing biodegradable scaffolds for tissue construction.
Employing skeletal and cardiac muscle models to assess vascularization strategies.

Main Results:

Prevascularization of constructs in a skeletal model promoted graft perfusion.
Successful generation of a beating human cardiac muscle-construct with an endothelial network.
Demonstrated enhanced tissue functionality and survival through endothelial-cardiomyocyte interactions.

Conclusions:

Engineered vascularized cardiac muscle constructs hold significant potential for cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
The study highlights the importance of vascularization and cell-cell communication in cardiac tissue engineering.
These constructs offer a promising platform for studying tissue vascularization and cardiac repair.