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Load transfer along the bone-dental implant interface.

Samira Faegh¹, Sinan Müftü

¹Northeastern University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics

|March 6, 2010

Summary

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Dental implant design significantly impacts stress distribution at the bone-implant interface. External threads create stress concentrations, altering normal and shear stresses, contrary to previous assumptions.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Biomechanics
Dental Implantology

Background:

Understanding bone-dental implant interface biomechanics is crucial for implant success.
Interfacial stress distribution influences osseointegration and long-term stability.
Previous studies have not fully explored the impact of specific design features on stress patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the variation of normal and shear stresses at the bone-dental implant interface.
To analyze the effects of implant geometry (diameter, collar, body length) and external threads on stress distribution.
To identify critical regions of stress concentration and their influencing factors.

Main Methods:

Finite element method (FEM) with 2D plane strain assumption.

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Digitization of mandibular incisor bone geometry from CT scans.

Modeling of bone-implant interface with perfect bonding assumption.

Main Results:

Highest stresses occur at the implant collar engaging cortical bone and near the apex in the subcortical region.
Stress concentrations arise near geometric discontinuities and bone modulus transitions (cortical to trabecular).
Implant collar slope, length, and diameter most influence stress levels, primarily in the cortical bone (alveolar ridge).
External threads induce significant stress concentrations, varying both normal and shear stresses.

Conclusions:

Implant collar geometry and diameter are key factors in managing interfacial stress.
External threads significantly alter stress distribution, creating concentrations rather than reducing shear stress.
Accurate modeling of implant design and bone properties is essential for predicting interfacial stress behavior.