Steady-state atomic fluorescence radiance expressions for continuum excitation

Area of Science:

• Atomic spectroscopy
• Laser-induced fluorescence

Background:

• Atomic fluorescence radiance is crucial for species measurement.
• Existing models often simplify laser bandwidth assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To derive general expressions for atomic fluorescence radiance.
• To consider both two-level and three-level atomic systems.
• To evaluate these expressions for absolute species quantification.

Main Methods:

• Approximating the laser as a spectral continuum.
• Analyzing two types of three-level systems.
• Applying the rate equations approach.

Main Results:

• General expressions for atomic fluorescence radiance are derived.
• Formulas are provided for both linear and saturating laser conditions.
• The applicability for absolute species measurement is discussed.

Conclusions:

• The derived expressions offer a versatile framework for analyzing atomic fluorescence.
• The study validates the rate equations approach for these systems.
• The work supports accurate elemental analysis using laser-induced fluorescence.