How do you (estimate you will) like them apples? Integration as a defining trait of orbitofrontal function

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Behavioral Economics

Background:

• Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) research has surged in the last 15 years.
• The OFC is implicated in complex phenomena like regret and willingness to pay.
• The OFC plays a role in numerous neuropsychiatric diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review studies applying animal learning theory to orbitofrontal function.
• To argue that the OFC is part of a network signaling expected outcomes.
• To propose the OFC integrates information for real-time, actionable predictions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing research data.
• Emphasis on studies utilizing animal learning theory concepts.
• Experimental demonstration of OFC's predictive influence.

Main Results:

• The OFC is a critical component of a network for signaling expected outcomes.
• The OFC enables real-time information integration for predictive estimations.
• OFC's predictive function explains its role in complex behaviors and disorders.

Conclusions:

• The orbitofrontal cortex is central to forming actionable predictions about future outcomes.
• Understanding OFC function, particularly its predictive role, is crucial for neuroscience and psychiatry.
• Animal learning theory provides a valuable framework for studying the OFC.