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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Imaging genetics in ADHD.

Sarah Durston1

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht - HP A 01.468, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. S.Durston@umcutrecht.nl

Neuroimage
|March 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic factors significantly influence Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Imaging genetics offers a way to understand how specific genes affect brain structure and function in ADHD patients.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5% of school-aged children.
  • Genetic factors account for up to 80% of ADHD's phenotypic variance.
  • The endophenotype approach links genetic influences to neurobiological measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of imaging genetics in understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • To investigate how genetic variations impact brain structure, chemistry, and function in ADHD.
  • To highlight the potential of neuroimaging in uncovering ADHD's neurobiological mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing imaging genetics studies in ADHD.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging modalities used, including MRI, SPECT, and EEG.
  • Focus on candidate genes within the dopamine system, such as DRD4 and DAT1.

Main Results:

  • Limited studies (14) have utilized an imaging genetics approach for ADHD.
  • Neuroimaging has provided insights into how genetic changes affect brain characteristics.
  • The precise effects of candidate genes like DRD4 and DAT1 remain incompletely understood.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging genetics in ADHD is an emerging field with significant potential.
  • Current findings suggest a link between genetic variations and neural functioning in ADHD.
  • Future research should employ multimodal approaches and model-based hypotheses to advance understanding.