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Related Concept Videos

Voltammetry: Overview01:20

Voltammetry: Overview

Voltammetry is an electroanalytical technique in which the current flowing through an electrochemical cell is measured as a function of applied potential, typically under conditions of concentration polarization. The technique provides valuable information about redox-active species, and the current response is plotted as a voltammogram.
A voltammetric cell uses three electrodes: a working electrode, a reference electrode, and an auxiliary electrode. The redox reactions occur in the working...
Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry01:17

Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry

Differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a type of voltammetry that involves applying a series of voltage pulses to an electrochemical cell while measuring the resulting current. In DPV, the differential pulse or small potential pulses are superimposed on a linear potential sweep. The magnitude of these pulses is typically small, often in the millivolt range. Each voltage pulse lasts a short duration, usually in the order of a few milliseconds, and is applied at regular intervals along the...
Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements01:21

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
Voltammograms: Overview01:16

Voltammograms: Overview

Voltammograms are current plots as a function of applied potential, offering insights into electrochemical systems. The shape of a voltammogram depends on how the current is measured and whether convection (heat transfer by fluid movement) is present or absent.
Shapes of Voltammograms
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Voltammetry: Stripping Methods01:13

Voltammetry: Stripping Methods

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
ASV is used to determine metals and metalloids at trace levels. It involves two steps: deposition and stripping. First, a negative potential is applied to the...

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Voltage Biasing, Cyclic Voltammetry, & Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Neural Interfaces
07:51

Voltage Biasing, Cyclic Voltammetry, & Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Neural Interfaces

Published on: February 24, 2012

Platinum for neural stimulation: voltammetry considerations.

E M Hudak1, J T Mortimer, H B Martin

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. exh59@case.edu

Journal of Neural Engineering
|March 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating platinum electrode behavior in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) reveals altered electrochemical activity outside conventional ranges. This finding impacts understanding of electrical stimulation-induced tissue trauma by showing limitations of current experimental models.

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A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes
09:27

A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes

Published on: March 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The precise mechanisms of tissue damage from electrical stimulation remain unclear.
  • Understanding the electrode-electrolyte interface is crucial for safe and effective neural prosthetics.
  • Current experimental models may not fully replicate the complex biological environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemical behavior of platinum electrodes in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) compared to sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
  • To determine if PBS accurately emulates the in vivo environment for platinum electrodes across a wider potential range.
  • To identify potential by-products generated at the electrode-electrolyte interface during electrical stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pulse-clamp technique and cyclic voltammetry to analyze charge transfer at the platinum electrode-electrolyte interface.
  • Performed voltammetry on platinum in H2SO4 and PBS across conventional and extended potential ranges.
  • Conducted voltammetry in NaCl and sodium phosphate solutions to differentiate component contributions to PBS electrochemical activity.

Main Results:

  • Platinum electrodes in PBS showed similar electrochemical behavior to H2SO4 within a conventional potential range (-0.6 V to +0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl).
  • In an extended potential range (-1.0 V to +1.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl), platinum in PBS exhibited distinct electrochemical activity, including one oxidation and two reduction peaks.
  • Comparative analysis of NaCl and sodium phosphate solutions helped attribute the observed differences in PBS.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) demonstrates altered electrochemical performance for platinum electrodes outside the conventional potential window.
  • The electrochemical behavior of platinum in PBS at extended potentials may not accurately reflect in vivo conditions.
  • These findings highlight the need for refined experimental models to accurately study electrical stimulation-induced tissue trauma and electrode-tissue interactions.