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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

Published on: April 10, 2015

Chemically driven carbon-nanotube-guided thermopower waves.

Wonjoon Choi¹, Seunghyun Hong, Joel T Abrahamson

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.

Nature Materials

|March 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created self-propagating reactive waves using carbon nanotubes and a chemical explosive. These waves generate high-power electrical pulses and pressure waves, offering potential as novel energy sources.

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Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

Published on: June 1, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Theoretical models predicted self-propagating reactive waves along high thermal conductivity nanomaterials.
Exothermic reactions coupled with nanotubes/nanowires can drive such waves.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally realize and characterize self-propagating reactive waves on nanomaterials.
To investigate the resulting electrical and pressure pulses.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 7-nm cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (HMX) annular shell around a multiwalled carbon nanotube.
Measured wave propagation speed, effective thermal conductivity, electrical specific power, and pressure wave characteristics.

Main Results:

Achieved wave amplification over 10^4 times the bulk value, propagating >2 m/s.
Measured effective thermal conductivity of 1.28±0.2 kW m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 2,860 K.
Generated electrical pulses with specific power up to 7 kW kg⁻¹ (thermopower waves) and pressure waves with 300 N s kg⁻¹ total impulse per mass.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated the feasibility of driven reactive waves on nanomaterials.
Highlighted the potential of these thermopower waves and pressure waves as high-power-density energy sources.
Observed inverse scaling of specific power with system size for thermally excited carriers.