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Related Concept Videos

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant01:26

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Nearly perfect multilayer dielectric reflectors: theory.

M Flannery, E Loh, M Sparks

    Applied Optics
    |March 10, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Deviations in dielectric mirror parameters like incidence angle, wavelength, thickness, or refractive index cause minimal errors in reflectance and absorptance. These findings are crucial for precise optical instrument design.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Highly reflecting dielectric mirrors are essential components in various optical systems.
    • Understanding the impact of parameter deviations on mirror performance is critical for optical design and manufacturing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively analyze the effects of small deviations in incidence angle, wavelength, layer thickness, and refractive index on dielectric mirror reflectance, absorptance, and phase distortion.
    • To determine the tolerance of these parameters for maintaining high mirror performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Matrix methods were employed to derive reflectance, absorptance, and phase distortion.
    • The analysis was carried to first order in absorption and second order in other parameters.
    • Mathematical models were used to calculate typical errors for specific deviations.

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    Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition
    06:30

    Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

    Published on: August 29, 2017

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
    13:44

    Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

    Published on: December 27, 2012

    Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition
    06:30

    Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

    Published on: August 29, 2017

    Main Results:

    • Small deviations in incidence angle (e.g., 5.8 degrees) result in approximately 1% error in absorptance or reflectance.
    • Changes in wavelength, refractive index, or layer thickness (e.g., 59% change) lead to about 4.5% error.
    • Phase distortions are also minimal, around 0.01 radians, for incidence angles up to 7 degrees or parameter changes of 0.3%.

    Conclusions:

    • Dielectric mirrors exhibit high tolerance to small deviations in operational and structural parameters.
    • Oblique incidence measurements or slight variations in wavelength, refractive index, or layer thickness introduce negligible errors in performance metrics.
    • The study provides essential data for designing and utilizing dielectric mirrors in demanding optical applications.