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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

Neonatal pulmonary hypertension.

Robin H Steinhorn1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. r-steinhorn@northwestern.edu

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|March 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs when cardiopulmonary transition fails. This review covers PPHN vascular abnormalities, therapies like inhaled nitric oxide, and novel treatments for neonates.

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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
06:15

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
06:15

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Published on: March 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) arises from failed cardiopulmonary transition.
  • PPHN affects 2/1000 term infants and over 10% of neonates with respiratory failure.
  • Vascular abnormalities are key features, particularly in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review vascular abnormalities associated with neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
  • To systematically evaluate current therapeutic strategies for PPHN.
  • To explore emerging treatments for PPHN.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on vascular abnormalities in PPHN.
  • Systematic review of evidence for established therapies (inhaled nitric oxide, high-frequency ventilation, surfactant, ECMO).
  • Analysis of rationale for novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Vascular abnormalities are central to PPHN pathophysiology.
  • Established therapies demonstrate varying efficacy.
  • New treatments targeting phosphodiesterases and reactive oxygen species show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding vascular abnormalities is crucial for managing PPHN.
  • Current therapies offer significant benefits but have limitations.
  • Emerging treatments represent a promising future direction for PPHN management.