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Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

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Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
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Electrically driven redox process in cerium oxides.

Peng Gao1, Zhenchuan Kang, Wangyang Fu

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists observed cerium oxide redox reactions at room temperature using an electrical field. This breakthrough could enable low-temperature catalysts for cleaner emissions and efficient energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cerium oxides are crucial for three-way catalysts, but their redox reactions typically require high temperatures (>600 K) and low oxygen partial pressures.
  • Improving catalyst performance and reducing pollution during cold-start conditions necessitates lowering operating temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and observe cerium oxide redox processes at ambient temperatures.
  • To explore the potential of electrical fields in driving these reactions at lower temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Direct atomic-scale observation using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
  • Application of an electrical field to induce and image redox reactions in cerium oxides.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a direct, atomic-scale observation of an electrically driven redox process in cerium oxides at ambient temperature.
  • Demonstrated reproducible, reversible phase transformations driven by oxygen vacancy migration.
  • Successfully imaged dynamic changes during the electrically driven redox reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The findings enable low-temperature operation of cerium oxide catalysts.
  • Potential applications include purification of automobile emissions, oxygen generation, and intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.