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Related Concept Videos

Protein Families02:47

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism.   Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members.   If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence the...
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...

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A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Enzyme databases.

Dietmar Schomburg1, Ida Schomburg

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymes are vital biological catalysts essential for metabolism and cellular regulation. Various databases catalog enzyme functions, classifications, and nomenclature, aiding research in biotechnology and drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Enzymes are crucial biological catalysts regulating metabolic processes in all organisms.
  • They serve as key targets for drug development and have broad biotechnological applications.
  • Enzymes are classified into six main types based on their reaction: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of enzyme classification and the role of enzyme databases.
  • To highlight the importance of enzyme functional databases in biological research.
  • To introduce key databases for enzyme information and nomenclature.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on enzyme classification and databases.
  • Identification and categorization of major enzyme functional and nomenclature databases.
  • Summarization of the data types and specializations of each database.

Main Results:

  • Enzymes are classified into six major functional groups by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) using EC-Numbers.
  • A variety of specialized databases exist, including BRENDA for comprehensive data, and others like KEGG, MEROPS, MetaCyc, CAzy, ESTHER, PeroxiBase, and KinBase for specific enzyme classes or functions.
  • Databases such as ExplorEnz, SIB-ENZYME, and IntEnz are dedicated to enzyme nomenclature.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme databases are indispensable resources for researchers, offering diverse information on enzyme properties, functions, and classifications.
  • The landscape of enzyme databases provides specialized tools catering to different research needs, from broad functional data to specific enzyme families or pathways.
  • Accurate enzyme nomenclature databases are essential for consistent scientific communication and data integration.