Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...

Forced Transdifferentiation

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Chirality in the Kagome Metal CsV_{3}Sb_{5}.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Circular dichroism in hard X-ray photoelectron diffraction observed by time-of-flight momentum microscopy.

Ultramicroscopy·2023

Same author

Improving EBSD precision by orientation refinement with full pattern matching.

Journal of microscopy·2020

Same author

Determining GaN Nanowire Polarity and its Influence on Light Emission in the Scanning Electron Microscope.

Nano letters·2019

Same author

Calcium movement in smooth muscle and evaluation of graded functional intercellular coupling.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2018

Same author

Do we really need cadavers anymore to learn anatomy in undergraduate medicine?

Medical teacher·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays

Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays

Published on: October 4, 2016

The Clara cell: a "Third Reich eponym"?

A Winkelmann¹, T Noack

¹Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Schumannstr. 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. andreas.winkelmann@charite.de

The European Respiratory Journal

|March 13, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Max Clara

More Related Videos

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures

Published on: April 8, 2014

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Published on: March 13, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays

Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays

Published on: October 4, 2016

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures

Published on: April 8, 2014

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Published on: March 13, 2011

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Medical History
Bioethics

Background:

Max Clara (1899-1966), a German anatomist, described the Clara cell in 1937.
His career advancement was partly facilitated by support from the National Socialist regime.

Observation:

Clara was an active member of the Nazi party and made anti-Semitic remarks.
His histological research utilized tissue from executed prisoners.
This research included his original description of the bronchial epithelium.

Findings:

Clara's work was intrinsically linked to the Nazi system and its exploitation of executions.
His career was supported by Nazi patronage, despite also aiding persecuted colleagues.

Implications:

The findings necessitate a re-evaluation of the eponym "Clara cell".
This historical context raises ethical concerns regarding its continued use in medical terminology.
The problematic history of the eponym warrants critical discussion in scientific and medical communities.