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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Brain activation evidence for response conflict in the exclude recognition task.

Eric H Schumacher1, Travis L Seymour, Hillary Schwarb

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. eschu@gatech.edu

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|March 16, 2010
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Summary

Memory retrieval involves competing familiarity and recollection processes that can activate conflicting responses. This competition, particularly when overriding familiarity, increases activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), suggesting strategic control in recognition tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Memory retrieval involves distinct processes like familiarity and recollection.
  • These processes can interact with motor and control systems to guide behavior.
  • Previous research suggests potential response competition and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) involvement, but findings are inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between memory retrieval processes (familiarity and recollection) and motor/control processes.
  • To test the hypothesis that competing retrieval processes lead to response conflict and ACC activation.
  • To examine ACC activity during an exclude recognition task designed to elicit competition.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation.
  • Participants performed an exclude recognition task requiring differential responses to stimuli.
  • Behavioral and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected to support fMRI findings.

Main Results:

  • The parallel task-set model's predictions were supported by behavioral and EMG data.
  • Overriding a familiarity-based response during the exclude recognition task increased ACC activity.
  • These findings align with the conflict monitoring hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Recognition, motor, and control processes interact dynamically during strategic retrieval.
  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in resolving response conflict arising from competing memory retrieval processes.
  • This study clarifies the neural mechanisms underlying strategic memory retrieval and response selection.