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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I01:30

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I

Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
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Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

People with learning disabilities and specialist services.

J Owens1, T A Dyer, K Mistry

  • 1Department of Oral Health and Development, University of Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA. jan.owens@sheffi eld.ac.uk

British Dental Journal
|March 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

People with learning disabilities face persistent oral health inequalities. A new model for primary care commissioning could improve access, choice, and involvement in dental care for this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Existing policies and services have not effectively reduced oral health inequalities for individuals with learning disabilities.
  • Current approaches may inadvertently limit patient choice by encouraging referrals to specialist services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a modified access model for primary care organizations.
  • To facilitate greater choice and involvement in oral healthcare for people with learning disabilities.
  • To serve as a commissioning tool for dental contracts.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual model development based on existing research and policy analysis.
  • Focus on primary care commissioning strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identified a risk of reduced choice with current specialist referral pathways.
  • Proposed a modified access model to enhance patient autonomy and engagement.

Conclusions:

  • A new commissioning model is needed to improve oral healthcare access and equity for people with learning disabilities.
  • Primary care organizations can play a key role in facilitating choice and maximizing involvement.