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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

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Display of solid-state materials using bipolar electrochemistry.

Sridevi Ramakrishnan¹, Curtis Shannon

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|March 17, 2010

Summary

Bipolar electrodeposition creates one-dimensional chemical gradients of cadmium sulfide (CdS) on gold surfaces. This method rapidly generates material libraries for screening, offering a simple way to create varied thin films without direct electrical contact.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Surface Science

Background:

Electrodeposition is a common technique for thin film formation.
Controlling chemical composition in electrodeposited films can be challenging.
Bipolar electrodes offer unique possibilities for spatially controlled electrochemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the formation of one-dimensional chemical composition gradients of CdS on Au surfaces.
To explore the utility of bipolar electrodeposition for creating material libraries.
To characterize the composition variations within the electrodeposited films.

Main Methods:

Utilized bipolar electrodeposition in a bipolar electrochemical cell.
Applied an external electric field to a floating Au electrode.
Characterized the resulting thin films using resonance Raman microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Successfully generated one-dimensional chemical composition gradients of CdS on Au.
Observed three distinct deposition zones: CdS+Cd, stoichiometric CdS, and elemental S.
Validated the formation of continuous one-dimensional solid-state material libraries.

Conclusions:

Bipolar electrodeposition is an effective method for creating compositionally graded thin films.
This technique allows for rapid material library generation with simple instrumentation.
The method eliminates the need for direct electrical contact to the substrate.