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Tetramethylammonium hydroxide poisoning
Chun-Chi Lin1, Chen-Chang Yang, Jiin Ger
1Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-lan County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Dermal exposure to Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) can cause severe toxicity, including respiratory failure and death. Prompt decontamination and respiratory support are crucial for managing TMAH exposure in industrial settings.
Area of Science:
- Industrial Toxicology
- Occupational Health
- Chemical Safety
Background:
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is extensively utilized in semiconductor and photoelectric manufacturing.
- Concerns regarding TMAH toxicity have escalated due to recent fatalities in Taiwan.
- This study investigates TMAH toxicity following dermal exposure.
Observation:
- Analysis of 13 cases reported to the Taiwan Poison Control Center (PCC-Taiwan).
- Three fatalities resulted from exposure to 25% TMAH.
- One worker experienced severe systemic effects, including muscle weakness and respiratory distress, after exposure to 2.38% TMAH, but survived with supportive care.
Findings:
- Dermal TMAH exposure can lead to both corrosive skin injury and systemic toxicity.
- The tetramethylammonium ion is implicated in ganglionic toxicity, contributing to severe clinical manifestations.
- Severity of effects correlates with TMAH concentration and exposure extent.
Implications:
- Immediate skin decontamination and respiratory support are vital for managing dermal TMAH exposure.
- Implementing preventive strategies is essential to reduce occupational risks associated with TMAH.
- Further research into TMAH's toxicological mechanisms and effective treatments is warranted.
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