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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

What is typical about the typicality effect in category-based induction?

Jonathan R Rein¹, Micah B Goldwater, Arthur B Markman

¹University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA.

Memory & Cognition

|March 18, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The typicality effect in category-based induction is not universal. Central tendency, not typicality, drives induction strength, suggesting a broader central-tendency effect.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Science
Psychology

Background:

Category-based induction research consistently shows a typicality effect, where typical examples yield stronger inferences than atypical ones.
This effect has primarily been studied in categories where the most typical member is also the central tendency.
The current research questions whether this effect extends to categories where the ideal member is considered most typical.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of typicality versus central tendency in category-based induction.
To determine if the typicality effect applies to categories where the ideal member is perceived as most typical.
To explore a more universal principle underlying category-based induction.

Main Methods:

Experiments were conducted using both natural and artificial categories.
Participants provided typicality and induction-strength ratings for ideal and central-tendency exemplars.
Statistical analysis was used to compare induction strengths based on typicality and central tendency.

Main Results:

Induction strength was highest for central-tendency exemplars across all tested categories.
This pattern held true irrespective of whether the central tendency or the ideal exemplar was rated as more typical.
The typicality effect was not consistently observed when the ideal was more typical than the central tendency.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that the "typicality effect" may be a specific instance of a more general "central-tendency effect" in category-based induction.
Category-based induction appears to be more strongly influenced by the central tendency of a category than by the typicality of its exemplars.
This research broadens the understanding of how humans make inferences about categories.