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Judgments of learning impair rule-based discovery.

Kit S Double1, Dominic Tran2, Micah B Goldwater2

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. kit.double@sydney.edu.au.

Memory & Cognition
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Judgments of learning (JOLs) can hinder category learning by causing participants to favor simpler memorization over complex rule discovery. This effect, known as reactivity, was observed when multiple strategies were viable.

Keywords:
Category learningJudgments of learningKnowledge transferMemorizationReactivityRelational learningRule-based discovery

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Judgments of learning (JOLs) are known to enhance memory recall in some learning tasks, a phenomenon termed reactivity.
  • The impact of JOLs on category learning, which involves generalization beyond training data, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of JOLs on relational rule discovery within a category learning paradigm.
  • To examine whether JOLs influence strategy selection in categorization tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed categorization tasks with varying degrees of reliance on relational rules versus visual features.
  • JOLs were elicited at different stages of the learning process.
  • Performance was assessed based on rule discovery accuracy and feature memorization.

Main Results:

  • In tasks allowing both rule discovery and feature memorization, JOLs impaired relational rule discovery but not feature memorization.
  • When only relational rules were viable for categorization, JOLs did not produce significant reactivity effects.
  • Findings suggest JOLs encourage a shift towards more obvious strategies when multiple options exist.

Conclusions:

  • The elicitation of JOLs can negatively impact relational rule discovery in category learning when simpler strategies are available.
  • A conservative strategy-shift account explains reactivity, proposing that JOLs prompt a shift to the most apparent strategy.
  • Understanding JOLs' effects is crucial for optimizing learning strategies in complex cognitive tasks.