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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

Five laser-excited fluorescence methods for measuring spatial flame temperatures. 1: Theoretical basis.

J D Bradshaw, N Omenetto, G Zizak

    Applied Optics
    |March 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study compares five laser-excited fluorescence methods for precise flame temperature and spatial volume measurements. It details their assumptions, benefits, and drawbacks for microscale, microsecond-timescale flame analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Combustion diagnostics
    • * Laser spectroscopy
    • * Physical chemistry

    Background:

    • * Accurate measurement of flame temperatures is crucial for understanding combustion processes.
    • * Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) offers high spatial and temporal resolution for diagnostics.
    • * Existing LIF methods have limitations regarding accuracy and dependence on laser parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To critically evaluate five distinct laser-excited fluorescence methods for flame temperature measurement.
    • * To assess the applicability of these methods for microscale ( <1 mm³) and microsecond-timescale ( <1 µs) flame analysis.
    • * To compare the methods based on derived expressions, necessary assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages.

    Main Methods:

    • * Discussion of five laser-excited fluorescence techniques.
    • * Analysis based on linearity between fluorescence signal and laser spectral irradiance.
    • * Evaluation of three saturation-based methods and one independent of laser spectral irradiance.

    Main Results:

    • * Each of the five methods is assessed for its suitability in measuring small flame volumes and rapid temperature fluctuations.
    • * The performance characteristics, including accuracy and operational constraints, are detailed for each technique.
    • * Key differences in reliance on laser spectral irradiance are highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • * The study provides a comparative overview of advanced laser-based flame temperature measurement techniques.
    • * It guides the selection of appropriate methods based on specific experimental requirements and constraints.
    • * Findings are relevant for optimizing combustion diagnostics and research.