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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors
07:03

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Published on: November 15, 2016

Gasdynamic light guide.

D W Bogdanoff

    Applied Optics
    |March 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a gasdynamic light guide using refractive index gradients in a novel nozzle. This device achieved high transmission efficiency (>0.996) and shows potential for future optical applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Optics
    • Acoustics

    Background:

    • Refractive index gradients in fluid flow can manipulate light.
    • Convergent-divergent nozzles are used in fluid dynamics applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate a gasdynamic light guide created by refractive index gradients in a radial flow nozzle.
    • To characterize the light-guiding region's shape, structure, and transmission.
    • To assess the feasibility of high-quality gasdynamic light guides.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a radial flow convergent-divergent nozzle with a circular arc throat.
    • Varied nozzle and light injection conditions to study the light guiding region.
    • Measured transmission characteristics under optimal operating conditions.

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    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated light trapping and guiding in the nozzle's throat region.
    • Achieved a transmission efficiency greater than 0.996 under optimal conditions.
    • Observed poor optical quality but identified no fundamental limitations for improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • Gasdynamic light guides can be effectively created using refractive index gradients in specialized nozzles.
    • High transmission efficiency is achievable, though optical quality requires further development.
    • The study provides a foundation for creating advanced, high-quality gasdynamic optical devices.