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Related Concept Videos

Escape Velocities of Gases01:19

Escape Velocities of Gases

To escape the Earth's gravity, an object near the top of the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 km must travel away from Earth at 11.1 km/s. This speed is called the escape velocity. The temperature at which gas molecules attain the rms speed, which is equal to the escape velocity, can be estimated by using the equation for the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. According to the kinetic theory of gas, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to its temperature.

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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

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Published on: June 20, 2016

Vortex gas lens.

D W Bogdanoff, A Berschauer, T W Parker

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel vortex gas lens was developed, demonstrating high power density capabilities. Experimental results confirmed theoretical predictions, showing a stable, low-deflection beam suitable for high-intensity applications.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • High power density applications require advanced beam control.
    • Traditional lenses face limitations with intense light sources.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and experimentally validate a vortex gas lens concept.
    • To assess the power density capabilities and beam characteristics of the vortex gas lens.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of an experimental prototype vortex gas lens.
    • Measurement of the divergence half angle of the exiting beam.
    • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical calculations.

    Main Results:

    • The vortex gas lens demonstrated a potential power density of 10^9-10^10 W/cm^2.

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  • Experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical predictions.
  • The exiting beam was steady, with minimal beam-degrading jets and small random deflection angles due to boundary layer noise.

    • Conclusions:

    • The vortex gas lens is a promising technology for high power density applications.
    • The experimental validation supports the theoretical model.
    • The lens offers stable beam output with negligible degradation.