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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II01:27

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II

Polymer samples typically consist of macromolecular chains with a distribution of lengths, resulting in a range of molar masses rather than a single discrete value. Conventional descriptors such as the number-average molar mass and weight-average molar mass quantify this distribution but do not fully capture polymer behavior in solution..The viscosity-average molar mass provides a more realistic description of polymer behavior in solution because it accounts for the enhanced contribution of...
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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The extent of the...

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DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers
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DNA Nanotubes as a Versatile Tool to Study Semiflexible Polymers

Published on: October 25, 2017

Excluded volume effects on semiflexible ring polymers.

Fabian Drube1, Karen Alim, Guillaume Witz

  • 1Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.

Nano Letters
|March 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Finite thickness in semiflexible polymer rings causes anisotropic shape changes and enhanced contour correlations. This study compares imaging circular DNA and Monte Carlo simulations to understand polymer behavior.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Semiflexible polymer rings are fundamental in various biological and synthetic systems.
  • Understanding their conformational behavior is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of finite thickness and excluded volume on the conformation of two-dimensional semiflexible polymer rings.
  • To compare experimental imaging of DNA with computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Imaging of circular DNA adsorbed on mica surfaces.
  • Monte Carlo simulations of phantom polymers (ideal chains).
  • Monte Carlo simulations of polymers with finite thickness, considering excluded volume interactions.

Main Results:

  • Finite thickness leads to an anisotropic increase in the principal axes of polymer conformations.
  • Excluded volume interactions induce a significant change in the overall shape of the polymer rings.
  • Enhanced correlations along the polymer contour are observed due to finite thickness.

Conclusions:

  • The finite thickness of polymer chains significantly influences their two-dimensional conformations.
  • Computational models incorporating excluded volume accurately capture experimentally observed changes in polymer ring shape and size.
  • These findings are relevant for understanding DNA behavior and designing novel polymer materials.