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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Annular fixed drug eruption.

Cheng Tan1, Wen-Yuan Zhu

  • 1Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nan Jing University of Traditional Chinise Medicine, Jiang Su Province, China tancheng@medmail.com.cn

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|March 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fixed drug eruption typically causes one violaceous patch. This case report details a rare presentation of fixed drug eruption with multiple annular lesions on the feet after phenobarbital use.

More Related Videos

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common adverse drug reaction.
  • It characteristically manifests as a solitary, round or oval, violaceous macule or plaque.
  • FDE lesions typically reappear in the same location upon re-exposure to the causative agent.

Observation:

  • This report describes an unusual case of FDE.
  • The patient presented with multiple, distinct annular erythematous lesions.
  • These atypical lesions occurred on the dorsal aspects of both feet.

Findings:

  • The patient's lesions developed following the administration of phenobarbital.
  • This presentation of FDE with multiple annular lesions is, to our knowledge, unprecedented.
  • Phenobarbital can induce fixed drug eruption.

Implications:

  • The findings broaden the clinical spectrum of fixed drug eruption.
  • Clinicians should consider FDE in the differential diagnosis of annular erythematous lesions.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical drug eruption presentations.