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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups.
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

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A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Polycythemia vera.

Raffaele Landolfi1, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Angelo Porfidia

  • 1Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Haemostasis Research Center, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy. rlandolfi@rm.unicatt.it

Internal and Emergency Medicine
|March 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing polycythemia vera (PV) is simplified by JAK2 mutation testing. PV treatment focuses on preventing blood clots and leukemia by managing red blood cell counts.

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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
05:23

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload

Published on: March 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Polycythemia vera (PV) diagnosis traditionally involved red cell mass and erythropoietin (Epo) levels.
  • Acquired erythrocytosis requires differentiation from secondary causes.
  • PV is characterized by clonal erythrocytosis, often linked to JAK2 mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the simplified diagnostic approach for polycythemia vera.
  • To highlight the role of JAK2 mutation analysis in distinguishing PV from secondary erythrocytosis.
  • To discuss the management strategies for preventing thrombotic complications and disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of genetic testing, specifically JAK2 mutation analysis (JAK2V617F or exon 12).
  • Measurement of red cell mass and serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels.
  • Assessment of patient's vascular risk for guiding cytoreductive therapy.

Main Results:

  • JAK2 mutation analysis is a key initial step for diagnosing acquired erythrocytosis, effectively distinguishing PV.
  • Thrombotic complications are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in PV patients.
  • Blood hyperviscosity and abnormal platelet/leukocyte function contribute to thrombophilia in PV.

Conclusions:

  • JAK2 mutation testing significantly simplifies PV diagnosis.
  • PV management prioritizes prevention of vascular events and transformation to acute leukemia.
  • Treatment strategies include low-dose aspirin, phlebotomy for low-risk patients, and cytoreductive agents like hydroxyurea or pipobroman for high-risk individuals.