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Related Experiment Videos

Speech-processing capacity in young and older adults: a dual-task study.

P A Tun1, A Wingfield, E A Stine

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110.

Psychology and Aging
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive capacity in older adults is affected by working memory efficiency. Matching working memory span eliminated age differences in speech processing, suggesting it underlies age-related declines in discourse memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Adults show age-related differences in speech processing.
  • Understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind these differences is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in speech processing using a dual-task paradigm.
  • To determine the role of cognitive capacity and working memory in age-related speech processing decline.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a dual-task paradigm where subjects recalled spoken passages while performing a reaction time task.
  • Measured secondary task decision latencies to index cognitive capacity usage.
  • Matched subgroups of young and older adults on working memory span.

Main Results:

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  • Age differences in secondary task decision latencies were eliminated when working memory span was matched.
  • This suggests that working memory efficiency is a key factor in observed age differences.

    • Conclusions:

    • An age-related reduction in working memory efficiency contributes to age-related differences in processing discourse for memory.
    • Working memory capacity is a significant factor influencing how older adults process and remember spoken information.