Examining the relationship between cognition and driving performance in multiple sclerosis

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Cognitive Psychology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect cognitive functions crucial for safe driving.
• Identifying cognitive predictors of driving performance is essential for maintaining independence in individuals with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine which cognitive functions predict driving performance in individuals with MS.
• To explore the utility of cognitive assessments as screening tools for driving impairment in MS.

Main Methods:

• Prospective study design involving 66 community-dwelling individuals with MS who were active drivers.
• Cognitive abilities were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including the Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) and the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test (SPART 7/24).
• Driving performance was evaluated through a behind-the-wheel (BTW) assessment and analysis of traffic violation and collision history.

Main Results:

• Information processing speed, measured by the SDMT, was the strongest predictor of behind-the-wheel (BTW) driving performance.
• Visuospatial learning and recall, assessed by the SPART 7/24, were the most significant predictors of collision and violation frequency.
• Cognitive measures demonstrated predictive value for driving outcomes in this MS cohort.

Conclusions:

• Information processing speed and visuospatial skills are key cognitive predictors of driving performance in individuals with MS.
• The SDMT and SPART 7/24 show potential as screening tools to identify MS patients at risk for driving difficulties.
• The findings suggest a need to re-evaluate the efficacy of traditional behind-the-wheel (BTW) evaluations for accurately assessing driving abilities in individuals with MS.