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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
09:56
Intra-tracheal Administration of Haemophilus influenzae in Mouse Models to Study Airway Inflammation
Published on: March 2, 2016
H1N1 influenza A presenting as bacterial tracheitis
Brandon S Hopkins1, Kaalan E Johnson, Jeff M Ksiazek
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0528, USA. hopkinbn@ucmail.uc.edu
Summary
Early H1N1 influenza cases are presenting as bacterial tracheitis (BT), a potentially dangerous combination. Prompt H1N1 testing and antiviral treatment are recommended for hospitalized patients with suspected BT.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Otolaryngology
- Virology
Background:
- Bacterial tracheitis (BT) is a severe airway infection.
- The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic presented a novel public health challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the unusual presentation of bacterial tracheitis in conjunction with H1N1 influenza.
- To discuss the implications of viral coinfection with H1N1 on BT presentation and management.
Main Methods:
- Case series analysis of six patients with bacterial tracheitis.
- Clinical observation during the early 2009 H1N1 flu season.
Main Results:
- Six cases of bacterial tracheitis were identified with concurrent H1N1 influenza A infection.
- No prior literature documented H1N1-associated bacterial tracheitis.
Conclusions:
- The combination of H1N1 and bacterial tracheitis poses a significant, life-threatening risk.
- Otolaryngologists should consider H1N1 testing and antiviral therapy in suspected BT cases.
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