Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence in medicine.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

Consensus Recommendations on Lipohypertrophy: Insights From an International Panel of Experts.

Diabetes research and clinical practice·2026
Same author

What do LLMs value? An evaluation framework for revealing subjective trade-offs in assessment of glycemic control.

Proceedings of machine learning research·2026
Same author

Real-World Evidence Assessment of the Risk of Nonfatal Stroke in Patients Prescribed SGLT2 Inhibitors.

Stroke research and treatment·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Clinical assessment and acceptance criteria for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system performance: A proposed guideline by the IFCC working group on CGM" [Clin. Chim. Acta 580 (2026) 120728].

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry·2026
Same author

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Veterans Receiving Dialysis With Diabetes.

Diabetes care·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Second insulin pump safety meeting: summary report.

Yi Zhang1, Paul L Jones, David C Klonoff

  • 1Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-002 , USA. Yi.Zhang2@fda.hhs.gov

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|March 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Insulin pump experts met to discuss safety, recommending design and use adjustments. While pumps improve diabetes care quality of life, further enhancements are needed for optimal patient safety.

More Related Videos

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate
05:58

Measuring Relative Insulin Secretion using a Co-Secreted Luciferase Surrogate

Published on: June 25, 2019

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
08:32

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Medical Engineering
  • Diabetes Technology
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • The Diabetes Technology Society convened experts following a request from the Food and Drug Administration.
  • This was the second meeting, building upon discussions from a prior 2008 session.
  • Experts convened to address safety concerns in insulin pump therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss safety issues related to insulin pump therapy.
  • To recommend specific adjustments to insulin pump design and usage protocols.
  • To enhance the overall safety of insulin pump devices and their application.

Main Methods:

  • A multidisciplinary group including physicians, nurses, diabetes educators, and engineers participated.
  • Discussions covered safety from multiple perspectives: engineering, medical, nursing, and user.
  • Safety considerations encompassed pump operation, software, hardware, physical structure, and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Consensus was reached that current insulin pump designs have significantly improved the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.
  • Key areas for safety enhancement were identified across pump operation, software, hardware, and usage contexts.
  • Recommendations were formulated for adjustments to current insulin pump design and use.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin pump technology has advanced considerably, positively impacting diabetes management.
  • Despite progress, significant opportunities remain to further improve insulin pump safety and efficacy.
  • Continued collaboration and focus on engineering and user-centered design are crucial for future advancements.