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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors
04:53

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Published on: August 25, 2022

Malformations in a chornobyl-impacted region.

Wladimir Wertelecki1

  • 1Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Technology Research Park IV, Suite 220, 307 University Blvd N, Mobile, AL 36688, USA. genfir3@gmail.com

Pediatrics
|March 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Birth defects, including neural tube defects, are elevated in Ukraine's Polissia region, an area with chronic low-dose radiation exposure from Chornobyl. These findings suggest early developmental disruptions and warrant further investigation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors
04:53

Zebrafish Larvae as a Model to Evaluate Potential Radiosensitizers or Protectors

Published on: August 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Reproductive Health
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The Polissia region of Ukraine, north of Rivne Province, has significant exposure to chronic low-dose radiation from the Chornobyl disaster.
  • Understanding the impact of such environmental factors on population health is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate malformation patterns and rates in Rivne Province, Ukraine, focusing on the Polissia region.
  • To explore potential etiologic factors and regional differences in birth defect rates.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of 96,438 births in Rivne between 2000 and 2006, adhering to international standards for malformation definition.
  • Comparative analysis of malformation rates in Polissia versus the rest of Rivne Province.

Main Results:

  • Rivne Province exhibits high rates of neural tube defects (22.2 per 10,000 live births), among the highest in Europe.
  • Polissia region shows even higher neural tube defect rates (27.0 per 10,000 live births) compared to the rest of Rivne (18.3 per 10,000 live births), with an odds ratio of 1.46.
  • Elevated rates of conjoined twins, teratomas, microcephaly, and microphthalmia are suggested in the studied regions.

Conclusions:

  • Observed malformation patterns indicate disruptions in early blastogenesis, affecting body axis formation, twinning, and midline development.
  • The findings provide compelling evidence for continued and expanded research into malformations in radiation-impacted areas of Ukraine.