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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Simultaneous Brightfield, Fluorescence, and Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of Contracting Cardiac Trabeculae Ex Vivo
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Simultaneous Brightfield, Fluorescence, and Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of Contracting Cardiac Trabeculae Ex Vivo

Published on: October 2, 2021

Incoherent optical processor for x-ray transaxial tomography.

J E Greivenkamp, W Swindell, A F Gmitro

    Applied Optics
    |March 24, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel optical processor reconstructs objects from X-ray projections using analog computation. This system achieves quality comparable to commercial scanners at a potentially lower cost.

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    Lensfree On-chip Tomographic Microscopy Employing Multi-angle Illumination and Pixel Super-resolution

    Published on: August 16, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Image Processing
    • Medical Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Computed tomography (CT) relies on reconstructing 2D or 3D images from multiple 1D X-ray projections.
    • Traditional CT reconstruction often involves complex digital algorithms and significant computational resources.
    • Optical processing offers a potential alternative for high-speed, low-cost image reconstruction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a single-channel incoherent optical processor for reconstructing objects from 1D X-ray projections.
    • To implement computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithms using optical methods.
    • To evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of the developed optical processor.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a single-channel incoherent optical processor for object reconstruction.
    • Recorded 1D X-ray projection data directly onto X-ray film, serving as the input transparency.
    • Optically implemented standard CT reconstruction algorithms, employing time-modulated optical transfer function (OTF) synthesis for bipolar filtering.
    • Employed a time-varying pupil plane mask and synchronous demodulation for achieving the desired filtering response.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully reconstructed objects from 1D X-ray projections using the developed optical processor.
    • Achieved image reconstruction quality comparable to that of commercial CT scanners.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of analog optical implementation for complex CT reconstruction algorithms.

    Conclusions:

    • A functional single-channel incoherent optical processor for X-ray projection reconstruction has been developed.
    • The optical processor effectively replicates the computational power of digital CT units for reconstruction tasks.
    • The system presents a promising, potentially lower-cost alternative to conventional CT scanners, offering equivalent performance.